I have just noticed that there have been a few mistakes in my post, and I apologize to you for the inconvenience you may have while reading my post above. I'm using a mobile phone to interact with you people, in which there isn't any option / icon to edit a post.
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Laborious Yes, you understand.Stative. Present and future time. You have the knowledge. You know how to use that knowledge both now and in the future.
LaboriousYes, you have understood.Dynamic. Event. Past time. Something (has) happened to you. You have acquired some knowledge. The light bulb went on / has gone on.
LaboriousSo, in response to "Have you understood that?", one could say either "Yes, I have understood (meaning "I have acquired the knowledge of..")" or "Yes, I understand (meaning "I have the knowledge of..)"? Thank you.Yes. Those (and many others) are good replies.