The easy one first: #3 is wrong; two modal auxiliaries cannot co-occur. Change to: if you had arrived sooner, you would have missed the train . (By the way, the meaning seems odd; I would have thought: if you had arrived later , you would have missed the train .
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Milky<The easy one first: #3 is wrong; two modal auxiliaries cannot co-occur.>Guess MM's talking about the 2 woulds:
Where are the two modal auxiliaries there?
Mister MicawberNow, #1 and #2: This one continues to trouble me, and if I have ever found or been given a definitive explanation, I have lost or forgotten it. It seems to me that both are acceptable, but with different meanings. If we extrapolate:
If I had been there, I would have liked to thank you. I know that from present consideration.
N
would have for had. In spoken English, there is a growing tendency to use would have in place of the subjunctive had in contrary-to-fact clauses, such as If she would have (instead of