Who lives vs living
A. I have a friend who lives in the US.
B. I have a friend living in the US.
Q1) Can a subject relative clause always be reduced to a participle phrase, like A is reduced to B? In A, the subject relative clause is "who lives in the US", and in A, the participle phrase is "living in the US"
I think that there is a difference in meaning between A and B, so A cannot be reduced to B unless the friend is temporarily living in the US.
Q2) Maybe do you see some difference in meaning between A and B?
More examples,
A girl who works at a pub has won a lottery.
A girl working at a pub has won a lottery.
The lady who lives next door throws numerous parties.
The lady living next door throws numerous parties.
Yesterday I read a book which was written by Hemingway.
Yesterday I read a book written by Hemingway.
Most people who were invited to the party didn’t turn up.
Most people invited to the party didn’t turn up.
Anyone who enters the garden without permission will be punished.
Anyone entering the garden without permission will be punished.
Q3) I'm not sure whether there is a difference in meaning, for example, between "who works" and "working" .. and like in these examples, a subject relative pronoun can always be reduced to a participle phrase.
Top answer
fire1 Q2) Maybe do you see some difference in meaning between A and B? I don't see any difference in meaning. The main clause and subordinate clause can be written as two sentences.
- fire1 Q2) Maybe do you see some difference in meaning between A and B?
- I don't see any difference in meaning.
- The main clause and subordinate clause can be written as two sentences.
- I have a friend.
- He lives in the USA.
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fire1Q2) Maybe do you see some difference in meaning between A and B?
I don't see any difference in meaning. The main clause and subordinate clause can be written as two sentences.
I have a friend. He lives in the USA.
There is nothing in the sentences that tells us if the living arrangement is permanent or temporary.
You can read thi
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