Why he didn't pass the exam?
-I don't know maybe..
1. he hadn't studied enough.
2. he didn't study enough.
Why he didn't pass the exam? Why didn't he pass the exam? < < < You need the question word form.
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Why he didn't pass the exam? Why didn't he pass the exam?< < < You need the question word form.
-I don't know maybe..
1. he hadn't studied enough.
2. he didn't study enough.
#2 is the normal answer. #1 is not wrong, but we don't usually use the Past Perfect if the meaning is obvious without it.