Which is

Question

1)Lenders stop lending fearing the losses incurred in thier previous lending transactions. 2)The US have blamed China for the embalances pointing to the undervaluation of Yuan.Lenders stop lending (which is) fearing the losses ( which is ) incurred in thier previous lending transactions. The US have blamed China for the embalances (by) pointing to the undervaluation of Yuan.Are those words in the bracket implied?

CalifJim · Accepted Answer

Lenders stop lending (which is) fearing the losses ( which is ) incurred in thier previous lending transactions.
The US have blamed China for the imbalances (by) pointing to the undervaluation of Yuan.

Are those words in the bracket implied? Not exactly in the first one. It's more like the following:

1)Lenders stop lending fearing (=because they fear) the losses (which have been) incurred in thier previous lending transactions.

CJ

Evo25 · Answer

Thanks for the explanation.I still have few similar questions to ask as stated below(I got them from a magazine)

1) Education can be define as the process of acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judment.

2)The numbers of young people entering higher education has increased dramatically in the Malaysia in recent yeras around 40% go on to university.

3)This is encouraging for those considering whether or not to go to university.

4)Not all graduates, however, face difficulties getiing good pay and a graduate-level jobs.

My understanding

1) Education can be defined as the process of acquiring general knowledge, ( which is ) developing the powers of reasoning and judment.

2)The numbers of young people (who are ) entering higher education have increased dramatically in the Malaysia.( because the 'numbers' the the subject)

3)This is encouraging for those considering/(who consider) whether or not to go to university.

This is encouraging for those considering/(who consider) whether to go to university.

Both are same in meaning?

4)Not all graduates, however, face difficulties ( in ) getting good pay and a graduate-level jobs.

Are these in the brackets implied?

CalifJim · Answer

Evo25Education can be define as

This one is a mistake. It should be defined, just as you have rewritten it.

Evo25The numbers of young people entering higher education has increased

Another mistake. It should be have, as you have rewritten it. On the other hand, I would have changed numbers to number and written The number of young people ... has increased ..., which is another way of correcting the mistake.

Evo25 in the Malaysia

This should be in Malaysia. No the.
________________

1) Education can be defined as the process of acquiring general knowledge, ~~( which is )~~ and developing the powers of reasoning and judgment.

2)The numbers of young people (who are ) entering higher education have increased dramatically in ~~the~~ Malaysia.( because the 'numbers' the the subject)

3)This is encouraging for those (who are) considering~~/(who consider)~~ whether or not to go to university.

This is encouraging for those (who are) considering~~/(who consider)~~ whether to go to university.

Both are same in meaning? Yes.

4)Not all graduates, however, face difficulties ( in ) getting good pay and a graduate-level jobs.

Are these in the brackets implied? Yes, as corrected.

CJ

Evo25 · Answer

I'm still confused about this.

1) Education can be defined as the process of acquiring general knowledge, ~~( which is )~~ and developing/develops the powers of reasoning and judgment

Is it correct if change the developing to develops the sentence above?

If not, why here must be written as developing?

Is it after a 'subject' , the next verb must be appeared in '...ing' form? For example:

Redundancy, (which is ) leading to a reliance on state benefits.

Redundancy, which leads to a reliance on state benefits.

Is that is the bracket implied?

CalifJim · Answer

Evo25Is it correct if change the developing to develops the sentence above?

If not, why here must be written as developing?

No. You can't change it. See below.

the process
of
acquiring general knowledge
and (of)
developing the powers of reasoning and judgment

Evo25Is it after a 'subject' , the next verb must be appeared in '...ing' form?

No. It's because of the parallelism shown above.

CJ

English 1b3 · Answer

No. It's because of the parallelism shown above.

Why is it in this case then, CJ? There is no parallelism:

I walked home and thought about what I had done.

I walked home, thinking about what I had done.

Evo25 · Answer

Redundancy, (which is ) leading to a reliance on state benefits.

Redundancy, which leads to a reliance on state benefits.

Both are same in the meaning?

Is that is the bracket (which is ) implied?

CalifJim · Answer

Evo25Redundancy, (which is ) leading to a reliance on state benefits.

Redundancy, which leads to a reliance on state benefits.

Both are same in the meaning?

Same meaning. Yes. But note: These are not sentences.

CJ

CalifJim · Answer

English 1b3Why is it in this case then, CJ? There is no parallelism:

I walked home and thought about what I had done.

I walked home, thinking about what I had done.

True. There is no parallelism. But what's your point? I don't see the import of the question unless it's some misunderstanding about something else discussed above.

The other poster asked if the -ing form had to be used because a subject occurred earlier in the sentence. None of that makes sense, so I said no, that was not the reason -ing was used in that sentence. Parallelism was the reason. (Both -ings were after the preposition of.) You seem to have interpreted that to mean that you can't have an -ingwithout parallelism. Where did you get that idea from?

CJ

English 1b3 · Answer

I understood that you were saying the ing form can only be used if it is parallel with the first.

You mustn't have meant that.

Which is

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