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Pure_bliss Posted 18 years ago
Vocabulary

When to use 'd

What is the difference between these two sentences?

In earlier jobs, she’d had bosses peering over her shoulder all the time
In earlier jobs, she had bosses peering over her shoulder all the time

Why do you still need to add 'd when she's already implying her boss looks over her should? Thanks for the help!
  

Top answer

Hi, You are really asking about the meaning of the Past Perfect and when to use it. Let's first consider two simpler examples. 1.

  • Hi, You are really asking about the meaning of the Past Perfect and when to use it.
  • Let's first consider two simpler examples.
  • 1.
  • Yesterday Mary cooked dinner.
  • 2.
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5 Answers
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Hi,
You are really asking about the meaning of the Past Perfect and when to use it.
Let's first consider two simpler examples.

1. Yesterday Mary cooked dinner.
2. Yesterday Mary had cooked dinner.

Do you know in what kind of context you would choose #1 or #2?

If you're OK with this, then we can consider your original examples.
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Is the 'd stand for "had" or "did"? Sorry, I don't know the answer to your question. Would you kindly explain it to me?
Thanks!
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When 'd is followed by a past participle (like had), it means had.
In earlier jobs, she had had bosses ...
If you say She has had bosses it means until now.
If you say She had had bosses it means until some time in the past.
CJ
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Hi,

1. Yesterday Mary cooked dinner. This is just a simple statement about a past event. That's why it uses Simple Past tense.

2. Yesterday Mary had cooked dinner. In basic terms, this tells me about a past event that happened before some other past event.

eg Tom came home from work. Mary cooked dinner. This tells me that Mary cooked after Tom came home.
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Thanks for your help!

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