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Brightsun
He stayed at home, for it was raining hard. (If you use 'for' to mean 'because' you need to put a comma before 'for' as in the above sentence.)
In terms of the meaning, 'for' does the same job as 'because'.
But grammatically, 'for' is the conjunction of a compound sentence, with a comma in front of it, indicating that two sentences/clauses are as important as each other. Whilst 'because' is connecting a complex sentence, indicating that the clause followed is not independent but as a supplement to explain the main clause.