They did not see it as having to be won by working-class struggle against capitalism—it would be realised when everyone was convinced that it was just and best adapted to the requirements of human nature. (For this reason Robert Owen appealed to both the Archbishop of Canterbury and Queen Victoria to support his socialist programme.)
Again, the mechanistic materialists—and this applied above all to the Utopian socialists—thought that what a man was, his character and his activities, was determined by his environment and education.
[Materialism and the Dialectical Method - Maurice Cornforth]
I don't understand the words between 2 dashes. What does "this" refer to?
Again, the mechanistic materialists [ ] thought that what a man was, his character and his activities, was determined by his environment and education. In the parenthetical expression "this" refers to the idea to be presented in the rest of the sentence. You can paraphrase it in a separate (following) sentence.
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Again, the mechanistic materialists [ ] thought that what a man was, his character and his activities, was determined by his environment and education.
In the parenthetical expression "this" refers to the idea to be presented in the rest of the sentence.
You can paraphrase it in a separate (following) sentence.
The Utopian socialists, as a subgroup