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Anonymous Posted 18 years ago
Grammar

What does by, through or under means here??

"I covenant not to sue, City, its departments, commissions, officers, directors and employees, and all persons acting by, through or under each of them."

What does by, through or under means here??

Does it mean: according to, by the agency of, and under the orders of?

Can you reformulate so it is easier to understand?
  

Top answer

Hi, Generally speaking, only lawyers understand such language and preopistion usage in detail. Ordinary people who read this just think I agree not to sue anybody connected in any way with the city. Best wishes, Clive

  • Hi, Generally speaking, only lawyers understand such language and preopistion usage in detail.
  • Ordinary people who read this just think I agree not to sue anybody connected in any way with the city.
  • Best wishes, Clive
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4 Answers
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Hi,
Generally speaking, only lawyers understand such language and preopistion usage in detail.

Ordinary people who read this just think I agree not to sue anybody connected in any way with the city.

Best wishes, Clive
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What makes this difficult to understand is the fact that by and through are synonyms.
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Hi,

What makes this difficult to understand is the fact that by and through are synonyms.

You think so?

It was done by the city. Sounds like city employees did it.

It was done through the city. Sounds possible that the city arranged for non-city employees to do it.

Anyway, lawyers like to write with what seems to be repetition and redunda
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CliveHi,

What makes this difficult to understand is the fact that by and through are synonyms.

You think so?

It was done by the city. Sounds like city employees did it.

It was done through the city. Sounds possible that the city arranged for non-city employees to do

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