What does both refer to in this sentence?

'The most pressing task may lie in the issue of climate change. Long before fossil fuels run out, we'll have to face up to the consequences of using these fuels. Global warming will be a much greater threat in 20 years than it is today. Changes in the atmosphere have never occurred as rapidly as they do now. Our current tools and social structures are not sufficiently effective for us to manage the climate or to prosper in hostile surroundings. We must either learn how to change the climate in our favor or develop technologies that will enable us to survive in different environments. Both are clearly lacking today. The development of science and technology in these areas should therefore be given the highest priority. If we manage to solve these problems in the decades ahead, we have grounds for hoping that our descendants will also survive into the distant future.'

The above text is from the book I study. I wonder what 'both' refers to in this text. - I've thought about it hundreds times literally but still confused and insecure.

Thanks in advance.