What are the differences here?

Question

1) The first crusading armies of Christians reached the Holy Land, captured Jerusalem in 1099
or
The first crusading armies of Christians reached the Holy Land, capturing Jerusalem in 1099?

2) Can we write this sentence( The students who participated in the program had the chance to experience science first hand) as The students participating in the program had the chance to experience science first hand ?

Cool Breeze · Accepted Answer

Belly1) The first crusading armies of Christians reached the Holy Land, captured Jerusalem in 1099
or
The first crusading armies of Christians reached the Holy Land, capturing Jerusalem in 1099?

Only the second sentence is correct. Capturing is a present participle and it is needed since the conjunction and has been left out: ... and captured Jerusalem... The result is what I call a clause equivalent, but native speakers have other terms. The past participle (captured) is wrong because the ensuing clause, or clause equivalent, is in the active voice. You could use captured if the clause were passive as well. For example: All the soldiers [who/that had been] captured earlier were killed.

Belly2) Can we write this sentence( The students who participated in the program had the chance to experience science first hand) as The students participating in the program had the chance to experience science first hand ?

Yes.

CB

Belly · Answer

The first structure is wrong? I read it in a text book

Cool Breeze · Answer

BellyThe first structure is wrong? I read it in a text book

It is wrong. A co-ordinating conjunction is needed between the two clauses:

The first crusading armies of Christians reached the Holy Land and captured Jerusalem in 1099.

CB

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