Wanna help ^ , to correct my report ,

Hi everybody ,
i need some help , for necessary
i wrote a report about LASIK and , the early era before it , and i wanna help to correct that report , grammer , and pancituation , and the logic meaning , 
and THANK for whom will help me 

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2. Role of Electronic Technology That Plays on Treatment the Low Vision

As mentioned in the introduction , there are a large amount of human being who have an vision problems . Although , the huge amount of them , but there are a lot of them whose afraid from surgeries . For that reason , we will explain the role of electronic technology on That Plays on Treatment the Low Vision .

2.1 The Early Era of Vision Correction Surgeries

Vision correction surgeries have been developed in several stages .At the beginning , incisions are made in the cornea so that the cornea of the nearsighted patients would flatten, and that called Radial Keratotomy (RK) In RK . In 1970 , a Russian physician deduced that by an accident when an individual who had been involved in a car accident suffered glass cuts in his eye, and then refractive surgery began somewhat . Refractive surgeries aim to correct vision problems , without the aid of prosthetic devices

During the early of 1980s , physicist Stephen Trokel invented the excimer laser in the , which originally developed to etch computer chips, could accurately and precisely reshape the cornea to correct refractive errors. .Later , the first laser vision correction occurred in 1987 in German.

Then , surgeons developed LASER surgeries to be suitable for all patients . They divided the LASER into two types , original laser PRK , and the modern one LASIK . LASIK is the acronym for LASER Assisted In-Situ Keratomileusis , and compared to the original one PRK , the surface of LASIK’s cornea remains largely intact so that LASIK patients are more comfortable, and see better more quickly .

That why LASIK become the preferred method of laser vision correction. In very specific instances, PRK is the treatment of choice, such as the eye orbits being too deep or the cornea too flat or steep, but the LASIK is the most popular surgery . Also, Every thing about LASIK will be followed , history , the method of using it, types of LASIK , advantages and side effects of using it .

2.2 LASIK Technology for Vision Correcting

In the last several years , we noted that the rapid development of new technologies in Ophthalmology filed . Ophthalmologists used the idea of primitive refractive surgeries to discover a new sophisticated style for fixing vision problems . Many people , who have problems with their vision , want strongly to leave glasses and replace them with simple surgery to correct their vision . So ,What is this surgery that do these results?

LASIK surgery is referred to a modern medical procedure , and it is a branch under LASER surgery which is developed in 1990 . The history of LASIK is some complex , but it all begun with one person . Dr. Jose Baroque is a Spanish surgeon , who developed the technology of first microkeratome tool , and that is the basic tool helped in revolution procedure of refractive surgeries like LASIK ,and ALK .

Later a year in 1991 , two American surgeons Dr. Brint and Dr. Slade perfected this procedure , and then the first LASIK surgery was done and success . The technology is continuously expand and expand , and thousands of patients have benefited from the procedure . Nowadays , LASIK (Laser -Assisted Stromal In-situ Keratomileusis) has become the most famous surgery used in last decade to correct vision errors of eyes . In addition, the proper way of using LASIK , the advantages , and the side effects of using it will all followed in next sections .

2.2.1 The Scientific Method of Using LASIK Technology :

The LASIK surgery is used in treatment different types of vision problems such as nearsightedness , astigmatism , and farsightedness that done by reshaping the eye’s cornea . Although , the surgery is very useful and takes from 5-10 minutes only , many people are afraid of it . Therefore , we will explain the specific idea of using LASIK in correcting vision errors .

Before the beginning of surgery , patient need to do some tests , that required in order to exclude any internal eye problems , and their results will help surgeon to decide if the patient can do the surgery or not . For a period of time before the tests , the patient should not use lenses , so that the cornea comes back to its normal shape. Table 1 , show you some kinds of patient’s tests before the surgery , and which electronic device is suitable for that .

After that , the patient become ready for the actual surgery , and it is done in two steps . In the first step , surgeon cut the corneal flap by using microkeratame instrument , and reach to a middle part of the cornea , where reshaping will occur . Next step is that surgeons use a cool beam called "excimer laser" , and position the beam on the cornea for minutes , then the cornea is return as a reshaped one .

Table 1 : Some kinds of tests that required before surgery

Test task	Suitable device	Pictures
Measurement of eye pressure	Perkins Tonometer
Measurement cornea’s thickness	Orbiscan
C heck the bottom of the eye	Direct Ophthalmic scope
Measurement of visual acuity	Autorefractometer

Exactly after surgery , most patients prefer to stay under the care of surgery approximately half an hour , and the surgeon supplies them with special type of eye's drops to aid their healthy. Within 24 hours , the patient will note improvement in the vision

2.2.2 Types of LASIK Surgery :

There are three types of LASIK , Advanced Surface Ablation , Laser Blended Vision, and Intra LASIK . Moreover , the differences between them and the original LASIK are followed :

¦ Advanced Surface Ablation : It is an advanced form of laser vision correction. It is faster than the laser , and more safety . In addition , It can reshape the cornea without use any instrument to create a corneal flap . Despite the advantages of this type , but many patients face a severe pain for a long time .

¦ Laser Blended Vision : It is a same of LASIK , but it applies two times in different ways . Blended vision can correct vision for both nearsightedness and farsightedness by fixing them separately . Furthermore, " One eye is adjusted to see mostly at distance, and a little close up, while the other is the opposite: mostly up close and a little at distance" . For that , it is more effective than original LASIK

¦ Intra LASIK : Intra Lasik use femto second Intralase laser to create a thinner corneal flap than when using of microkeratame as in standard LASIK. Although , IntraLasik is take more time in surgery , but it is generally considered the safest vision correction method .

2.2.3 Advantages of Using LASIK Technology in Vision Correction

There are several benefits of using LASIK surgery in vision correction . Likewise , it is scientifically proven that is a safety ,effective for many patients, and successful surgery. Some advantages of using LASIK are followed :

¦ The short duration that used to complete the surgery , it doesn’t take more than 10 minutes .

¦ The surgery is not painful , and not cause any damage for eyes and cornea .

¦ Because the computer is the responsible for LASIK , it is very precise and results are very accurate.

¦ LASIK can correct vision errors for most levels myopia (nearsightedness) , hyperopia (farsightedness) , and astigmatism .

¦ Lasik overtime will probably save your money , than you spend them on glasses and lenses .

2.2.4 The Side Effects of Using LASIK Technology to Correct vision .

Patients who want to conduct LASIK surgery should be aware of possible side effects that may occur for them . As a report of The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is that the most common side effects of LASIK are glare and sensitivity to light affect , visual fluctuations, halos around light sources , and sometimes vision be worse than before . Figure3 : show the ratios of common side effects of using LASIK surgery , in contrast to the natural patients