To be caught in a vicious circle means you are caught in a situation where you go from one bad situation to another, which leads you back to the first bad situation then the second again, repeat over and over until you manage to get out of the vicious circle. A catch 22 situation is when you need a certain thing to happen, but before it can something else must happen. In such a situation we usually are at a point where the second thing just won't happen, or can't for whatever reason, therefore the first thing also cannot happen.
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