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Anonymous Posted 20 years ago
Grammar
verbs and tenses
0 Hi everybody, 02 br
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00 I have to translate this text in Italian but I have some difficulties in translating the verbs. 02 br
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00 "After last summer's "bra wars" over textiles, the European union 01 b 00 appeared set 02 b 00 to introduce restrictions on shoe imports from China and Vietnam. Countries such as Italy 01 b 00 have been lobbying 02 b 00 for the quotas: shoe imports from China to the EU 01 b 00 rose 02 b 00 by 300% in the nine months ending in October 2205" 02 br
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00 I know that the "simple past" is used to talk about actions or stated in a precise moment in the past. The problem is with the "present perfect continuous" which in Italian is translated differently dipending on contexts. Does the verb in bold type above refer to something happened in the past or does it have a present meaning? In other words, is it more similar to the firs, the second or the third sentence below here: 02 br
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00 1. I have been living in Paris for ten years 02 br
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00 2. I have been writing lots of emails 02 br
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00 3. I've been writing that email to Jack and it's taken an hour 02 br
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00 thank you 0-
02 br
00 I have to translate this text in Italian but I have some difficulties in translating the verbs. 02 br
02 br
00 "After last summer's "bra wars" over textiles, the European union 01 b 00 appeared set 02 b 00 to introduce restrictions on shoe imports from China and Vietnam. Countries such as Italy 01 b 00 have been lobbying 02 b 00 for the quotas: shoe imports from China to the EU 01 b 00 rose 02 b 00 by 300% in the nine months ending in October 2205" 02 br
02 br
00 I know that the "simple past" is used to talk about actions or stated in a precise moment in the past. The problem is with the "present perfect continuous" which in Italian is translated differently dipending on contexts. Does the verb in bold type above refer to something happened in the past or does it have a present meaning? In other words, is it more similar to the firs, the second or the third sentence below here: 02 br
02 br
00 1. I have been living in Paris for ten years 02 br
02 br
00 2. I have been writing lots of emails 02 br
02 br
00 3. I've been writing that email to Jack and it's taken an hour 02 br
02 br
00 thank you 0-
Top answer
0 "After last summer's "bra wars" over textiles, the European union 01 b 00 appeared set 02 b 00 to introduce restrictions on shoe imports from China and Vietnam. Countries such as Italy 01 b 00 have been lobbying 02 b 00 for the quotas 01 font 00 : 02 font 00 shoe imports from China to the EU 01 b 00 rose 02 b 00 by 300% in the nine months ending in October 2205" 02 br 02 br 00 This article looks and sounds fine to me. I don't see anything as incorrect.
- 0 "After last summer's "bra wars" over textiles, the European union 01 b 00 appeared set 02 b 00 to introduce restrictions on shoe imports from China and Vietnam.
- Countries such as Italy 01 b 00 have been lobbying 02 b 00 for the quotas 01 font 00 : 02 font 00 shoe imports from China to the EU 01 b 00 rose 02 b 00 by 300% in the nine months ending in October 2205" 02 br 02 br 00 This article looks and sounds fine to me.
- I don't see anything as incorrect.
- Perhaps, the part after the colons needs to be modified a little.
- It doesn't connect well with a colon.
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4 Answers
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0 "After last summer's "bra wars" over textiles, the European union 01 b 00 appeared set 02 b 00 to introduce restrictions on shoe imports from China and Vietnam. Countries such as Italy 01 b 00 have been lobbying 02 b 00 for the quotas 01 font 00 : 02 font 00 shoe imports from China to the EU 01 b 00 rose 02 b
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0 Thank you for your answer. I know it is correct. I just would like to know wheter you percieve the secon verb in bold type as having past or present meaning. 0-
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0 From what I remember of Italian, you're going to have to translate it as if it said "... are lobbying since some time ...". 02 br
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00 As for the English examples, I'm lost as to what you're getting at. All of them are present perfect continuous. But the "have been lobbying" example is least like your third sentence and most like the second, if that helps! 02 br
02 br
00 As for the English examples, I'm lost as to what you're getting at. All of them are present perfect continuous. But the "have been lobbying" example is least like your third sentence and most like the second, if that helps! 02 br
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"have been lobbying" is an action started in the past and is still continuing...Italy is still trying to get China to agree to limit cheap exports or to set a fixed number, but no decision yet.
"rose" is simple past - a defined period in the past = "in the 9 months ending in October 2005".
the more difficult situation to explain is the first verb, "appeared set": you have two ve
"rose" is simple past - a defined period in the past = "in the 9 months ending in October 2005".
the more difficult situation to explain is the first verb, "appeared set": you have two ve
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