upwards

Hi Taka,

The nursely school is probably most correctly considered as an extension upwards of the family.

About 'upwards' here, is it an adverb or an adjective? Which does it modify; 'extension' or 'of the family'?

I see it as an

it must be:

nursery school
: a school for children usually under five years of age -- compare KINDERGARTEN

and I would prefer having "an upward extension," as Clive mentioned

CliveI see it as an adjective qualifying 'extension'. You could just as easily place it in front of the word 'extension'.

I suggest the word should be spelled 'upward'.

Hmm...Then, try this one:

From the position talked about in the elbow section you extend your shooting arm upwards not outwards (the non-shooting arm should remai

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upward(s)

Although upward is generally the preferred adverb and adjective in the AmE, the form ending in -s has become established in the set phrase upwards of (=more than). But more than is usually better than upwards of

Garne

Hi,

Still seems adjectival to me. Perhaps you are thinking 'adverb' because the noun 'extension' refers to motion?

Clive

CliveHi,

Still seems adjectival to me. Perhaps you are thinking 'adverb' because the noun 'extension' refers to motion?

Clive

That's one of the reasons. But even among 'motionless' nouns you can find similar usage, such as, say, 'the enemy within.'

Hi,

Perhaps that's a different case? I see 'within' as a preposition there. The enemy within (something).

Clive

Clive I see 'within' as a preposition there.

Yes, I think it's originally a preposition. But if it's really a preposition, it has to have a noun after it, right?

You don't think it's possible for an adverb to modify a noun, do you?

Hi,

The enemy within the fort / the gate / our minds.

I think the noun following 'within' is just omitted, understood. The phrase means nothing unless we know 'within what?'

eg She's not in the classroom. She's outside.

Best wishes, Clive

Cliveeg She's not in the classroom. She's outside.

But grammatically that 'outside' isn't a preposition, is it?

Do you think this 'off' is a preposition?

The station is a mile off.