Unknown verb+ing

Question

in below sentences i can't understand why "verb+ing" comes alone?what are these structures?
is that "ing clause"?

1- we use the present continuous when we talk about changes happenig around now.
2- for all of you listening, we’d like to hear from you.
3- In the first sentence, the person speaking remembered they had some homework.

BillJ · Accepted Answer

Anonymousin below sentences i can't understand why "verb+ing" comes alone?what are these structures?
is that "ing clause"?

1- we use the present continuous when we talk about changes happening around now.
2- for all of you listening, we’d like to hear from you.
3- In the first sentence, the person speaking remembered they had some homework.

Yes, they are often called -ing clauses. They are a special kind of clause called a non-finite clause. Non-finite clauses usually have no subject, so they seem to appear alone or be incomplete. They have a range of functions in sentences - in your examples, 1. and 3. the clauses modifying the nouns "changes" and "person" respectively. In 2. the clause is the complement of the preposition "for".

BillJ

AlpheccaStars · Answer

Hi Anon;

They could be termed participle phrases as modifiers (adjectival), or reduced clauses (adjectival).

1- we use the present continuous when we talk about changes happening around now. - ... changes which are happening
2- for all of you listening, we’d like to hear from you. ... you who are listening....
3- In the first sentence, the person speaking remembered they had some homework. ....person who is speaking...

BillJ · Answer

BillJ2- for all of you listening, we’d like to hear from you.

Correction to my first reply: "Listening" is the non-finite clause modifying "you". (not the complement of "for")

BillJ

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