A) You can say "since yesterday", or "since last week", but not "since 2 days" B) correct. C) No. You can use "in" for negative expressions, as in your example. I haven't eaten meat in the last five days. D) No. We will work on the balance sheet until it is perfectly correct. "Until" is used to express a future state.
The blue statement is definitely idiomatic, but is an example of casual conversation. You might expect to see an exclamation point at the end, and call the sentence "exclamatory."
(C) would not work in your balance sheet example.
Edit. Actually, it's the "such" which gives the blue sentence its exclamatory flavor