TOEFL Integrated Writing - How to Master Skills for the TOEFL ibt Writing Advanced Book - Practice 1

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In the lecture, the author makes several points about the upsurge of the manufacturing plants. He argues that iron and steel, sailing ships and the need for weapons were the main reasons for the rise of the factories. However, the reading contends that steam engines, railroad and steamships as well as the exponential growth of property rights accounted for the upturn of the factories.

The first point that the lecturer uses to challenge the reading is the significance of iron and steel in the expansion of the factories. According to him, for steam engines needed to be constructed from iron and steel, these metals were integral components for the steam engines and the construction of train and ships, which were important in building the factories. Furthermore, to furnish another convincing evidence for his claim, the lecturer opined that factories were built near the resources of iron and steel. This differs from the reading in that the reading states that steam engines played a crucial part in the upsurge of the factory, as these machines provide its user with sufficient power to accomplish the work of many people, but demanded to be placed in protective buildings to maximize its productivity. According to the reading, this directly led to the rise of the factories.

Another point that the lecturer uses to refute the reading is that railroads were not invented until 1840 and only became prevalent at the end of the 19th century. He claims that the indisputable truth that factories had come into existence decades prior to railroads strengthen his claim that railroads did not contribute greatly to the rise of the factory. Moreover, he propounds that sailing ships were widely used until the beginning of the 20th century, so steamships could not have had an important role in the rise of the factory. The reading, on the other hand, cites the fact that railroads and steamships help complete the procedure of manufacturing and distributing goods across the globe, as railroads provided transports for delivering raw materials, and steamships helped allocating the goods worldwide. According to the reading, this acted as an impetus for the rise of the factory.

As a final point, to confront the reading’s argument, the teacher asserts that the initial aim of factories was to manufacture weapons. He points out that in Russia or England, manufacturing plants were centralized to producing weapons, adn had specific standards for the products they made. To counter the assertion, the reading declares that on account of the increase in property rights, the erstwhile farmers no longer had land to cultivate, and they had to work as cheap workers in the factories as a last resort. This upsurge in the amount of low-cost labor stimulated the exponential growth of manufacturing plants.

To put it briefly, the ideas made in the lecture run against the reading, Iron and steel, sailing ships and the need for weapons demonstrate that doubts have arisen over the viability of views indicated in the reading material.