e. the effeminacy was a bad thing that needed to be corrected. "to put a heart into a decaying system and a faith into a listless soul" is using "heart" and "soul" as metaphors in reference to the system of rule/government/society.
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"retrieve" apparently means "put right" or "remedy", i.e. the effeminacy was a bad thing that needed to be corrected. "to put a heart into a decaying system and a faith into a listless soul" is using "heart" and "soul" as metaphors in reference to the system of rule/government/society.