to or for"

Question

Is there a rule for using 'to' and 'for'. For example, in the sentence which is right?1. It is useful for me.2. It is useful to me.Thanks.

CalifJim · Accepted Answer

No. There isn't really a rule, although generally the preposition that introduces the interested person usually depends on the adjective. There is usually a more-used preposition and perhaps another that is also acceptable.

useful to
essential to
helpful to
unpleasant for
exciting for

On the other hand, you may wish to put this into a broader context. The full form of statements in the pattern "useful to" (and others like it) may be thought of as

It is [useful / essential / helpful / ... ] TO/FOR the interested person FOR subject TO predicate.

where:
the interested person is the person to whom the situation is [useful / essential / helpful / ...]
and FOR subject TO predicate expresses the situation which is [useful / essential / helpful / ...]

When the interested person is normally introduced by the preposition FOR, there is potential for confusion between the interested person and the subject of the situation.

For his father to talk about the old country is exciting for Frank.
(FOR subject TO predicate) is exciting (FOR Frank), where Frank is the interested person.

Expressed differently,
It is exciting for Frank for his father to talk about the old country.
It is exciting (FOR Frank) (FOR subject TO predicate).

So when you say
It is useful to me
you are mentioning the interested person, but not the subject of the situation.

Example:
-- I can't see how writing down all those reminders can be useful.
-- It is useful to me. (The situation is "FOR me TO write down all those reminders", and it's omitted.)

When you say
It is useful for me
you are theoretically mentioning the subject of the situation, but not the interested person.
However, when the predicate of the situation is not mentioned, the person introduced by FOR is taken to be the interested person anyway!

So in "It is useful to him for me to answer the phones while he is away from the office", you cannot say, meaning the same thing in abbreviated form, "It is useful for me", but you can say "It is useful for him" or "It is useful to him".

Consistent with this is the fact that in English we cannot have:
*For whom is it useful to him to answer the phone while he is away from the office?

This is a fairly advanced topic in English grammar. For more information, consult Syntactic Argumentation and the Structure of English by Soames and Perlmutter. (Section 63)

In the meantime, you may simply want to remember that "useful to" is more usual and "useful for" is also acceptable.

CJ

PS. My apologies if, in responding to "What time is it?", I have explained how to build a clock!

Anonymous · Answer

We don't have rules for this . It is something you will learn.

It is useful for me.- this is the right way to say it]

Hadas

to or for"

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