https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copula_(linguistics)#Grammatical_function:
(1) The girl got excited by her new toy.
My variant:
(2) The girl got excited with her new toy.
Could you explain the difference between "by" and "with"? Thanks!
There's not much difference at all, but here are a couple of nuances. Broadly speaking, by makes it clear that the new toy caused the excitement. with does not clearly suggest this.
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There's not much difference at all, but here are a couple of nuances.
Broadly speaking, by makes it clear that the new toy caused the excitement.
with does not clearly suggest this. Instead, it just sounds like the new toy was part of the excitement.
Clive