The earth has [rotated/been rotating] on its axis.

I would plump for the second option.

Tom

The earth has been rotating on its axis since it was formed.
This implies that the rotation process is continuous and has never stopped

Mr. TomI would plump for the second option.

I asked the question.
Could you give me a reason for your choice?
Also, would you consider the first option to be incorrect or awkward or unnatural?

The earth has been rotating means that the earth is still rotating and hasn't stopped.

The earth has rotated is also possible (slightly literary to my non-native ears), but less natural than the other, I think.

Let’s wait for a native speaker’s take on this.

Tom

Mr. TomThe earth has been rotating means that the earth is still rotating and hasn't stopped. The earth has rotated is also possible (slightly literary to my non-native ears), but less natural than the other, I think.Let’s wait for a native speaker’s take on this. Tom

This native speaker feels the same.

fivejedjon Mr. TomThe earth has been rotating means that the earth is still rotating and hasn't stopped. The earth has rotated is also possible (slightly literary to my non-native ears), but less natural than the other, I think.Let’s wait for a native speaker’s take on this. TomThis native speaker feels the same.

Thank you both.
Is it possible that the fir

I suggest you go for has been rotating especially in academic context.

Tom

I read your question and here is my advice on present perfect continuous. When you want to emphasize the ongoing action of some kind, i.e. I have been living in Brooklyn since I left California. This implies that you are still living there as you speak. Please note however, there are verbs that can not be taking the present perfect cont. form, i.e. I have known /

Might we not follow the idea that, for a continuous activity, the continuous tense is preferred?
Thus: I walked all day (which sounds like a completed activity) versus I have been walking all day (which implies a continued activity).

So the answers so far prefer the progressive over the non-progressive when a continuative meaning is intended.

But somehow I get the feeling, for whatever it's worth, that the progressive version implies the possibility that the situation of the earth rotating on its axis could end sooner or later. Assuming that this is not the intended context of the OP, shouldn't the non-progressive be