When you use definite article "the" you mean some particular climate, and without "the" you mean climate in general.
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youzoubut in this case I'm quite sure that both styles mean the same. I mean in there, you're free to choose either form, but the meaning is the same.Not true!In your examples, only the one without "the" is correct.
youzouDo you agree?Not at all. I repeat that I see no difference.