Is this sentence correct? If so, what does "past" mean in it please?
He has managed, despite other obligations, to go to college and to work the past year by carefully arranging his schedule.
Yes. Assume today is I/Oct/2017. The past year is from 1/Oct/2016 to now.
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Yes.
Assume today is I/Oct/2017. The past year is from 1/Oct/2016 to now.
I would insert 'during' or 'in' before 'the past year'. British English doesn't really use this structure but I think it's used more in other countries.
'Past' in this sentence means this last year; the twelve months up to this date.
[Cross-posted]