These are opposing pairs - tall-short, high-low - that is, they are opposites of each other. As for usage, there are many ways to use these words, other than the obvious ones like: tall man/short man, high tide/low tide, etc.
For example, "that's a tall order (something that's difficult to accomplish)." - note that saying, "that's a short order" is not the opposite of this; this makes n