Are both OK and mean the same: I can but would you be able to understand me if I speak Indonesian?
VS
I can but would you be able to understand me if I spoke Indonesian?
These are the best coordinated: Would you be able to understand me if I spoke Indonesian? Will you be able to understand me if I speak Indonesian? In practice you may sometimes hear hybrid combinations.
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These are the best coordinated:
Would you be able to understand me if I spoke Indonesian?
Will you be able to understand me if I speak Indonesian?
In practice you may sometimes hear hybrid combinations.
"I can, but would you be able to ..." needs a comma and needs to be a response to a previous question.