Should this be an adjective or a gerund ?

Hi~ I'm not sure about whether the part in red should be considered as "problems/issues that are shown" or "causing problems/issues". Which one do you think is correct?

Thank you~

The most difficult part of this approach is that educators are conditioned to focus on the negative behavior and are not trained to design replacement behaviors that can be practiced consistently while the student is calm. Treatment determined a long time ago that recovery is not linear. For example, resiliency research indicates that promoting specific protective factors will diminish presenting problems even if there is no direct correlation. In this case, protective factors are the skills identified in resiliency research that help students overcome presenting issues. This seems counterintuitive to most educators. If a student displays anger as an issue, teachers believe that the replacement behavior must be an anger management strategy the student is to do in times of crisis. However, research does not support that position. This approach allows educators to embed protective factors into daily class rituals, allowing students increased opportunities to master the skill and the brain to reinforce it.