Sheme

Question

Hello, friends.I need your help.Here are three sections from different articles.The matter is referent of the word scheme, which is quite common, and I have a few somewhat different definitions of it.I cannot understand what it really refers to.from the first articleWireless network hardware supports several standard encryption schemes, but the most common are Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), and Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2). WEP is the oldest and least secure method and should be avoided. WPA and WPA2 are good choices, but provide better protection when you use longer and more complex passwords (all devices on a wireless network must use the same kind of encryption and be configured with the same password).http://webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Computer_Science/2008/wireless_networks_explained.aspFrom the first one I can deduce, that scheme refers to method.And I've found this: (n) method at http://encarta.msn.com/thesaurus_/scheme.htmlfrom the second articleWireless access has special security considerations. Many wired networks base the security on physical access control, trusting all the users on the local network, but if wireless access points are connected to the network, anyone on the street or in the neighboring office could connect.The most common solution is wireless traffic encryption. Modern access points come with built-in encryption. The first generation encryption scheme WEP proved easy to crack; the second and third generation schemes, WPA and WPA2, are considered secure if a strong enough password or passphrase is used.Some WAPs support hotspot style authentication using RADIUS and other authentication servers.from the third articleIPsec is a dual mode, end-to-end, security scheme operating at the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite or OSI model Layer 3. Some other Internet security systems in widespread use, such as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Shell (SSH), operate in the upper layers of these models. Hence, IPsec can be used for protecting any application traffic across the Internet. Applications need not be specifically designed to use IPsec. The use of TLS/SSL, on the other hand, must typically be incorporated into the design of applications.I've found: "any system of correlated things, parts, etc." at I think that last definition is really what the word scheme means here (i.e. just a system).Is it true?Thank you.

Jovan · Accepted Answer

I'm not so sure about the third one, but I am pretty sure that the first two are synonyms for an algorithm.

Evgenii · Answer

jovanI'm not so sure about the third one

And that is the cause of my question, becuse I have

jovan algorithm

in my dictionary too.

I think, that there is a more common definition for this word.

DougLewis · Answer

Scheme can originate from schematic... it means a methodlogy or plan of an overall design. It is often used in describing technical solutions easily.

A schematic is a diagram that represents the elements of a http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System using abstract, graphic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol rather than realistic pictures. A schematic usually omits all details that are not relevant to the information the schematic is intended to convey, and may add unrealistic elements that aid comprehension. For example, a subway map intended for riders may represent a subway station with a dot; the dot doesn't resemble the actual station at all but gives the viewer information without unnecessary visual clutter. A schematic diagram of a chemical process uses symbols to represent the vessels, piping, valves, pumps, and other equipment of the system, emphasizing their interconnection paths and suppressing physical details. In an electronic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_diagram, the layout of the symbols may not resemble the layout in the physical circuit. In the schematic diagram, the symbolic elements are arranged to be more easily interpreted by the viewer.

Evgenii · Answer

Hello, Guys.
Here is updated question.
I've added new articles in attempt to exclude ambiguity.

Articles
from the first article

Wireless network hardware supports several standard encryption schemes, but the most common are Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), and Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2). WEP is the oldest and least secure method and should be avoided. WPA and WPA2 are good choices, but provide better protection when you use longer and more complex passwords (all devices on a wireless network must use the same kind of encryption and be configured with the same password).

http://webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Computer_Science/2008/wireless_networks_explained.asp

from the second article

Wireless access has special security considerations. Many wired networks base the security on physical access control, trusting all the users on the local network, but if wireless access points are connected to the network, anyone on the street or in the neighboring office could connect.

The most common solution is wireless traffic encryption. Modern access points come with built-in encryption. The first generation encryption scheme WEP proved easy to crack; the second and third generation schemes, WPA and WPA2, are considered secure if a strong enough password or passphrase is used.

Some WAPs support hotspot style authentication using RADIUS and other authentication servers.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_access_point

from the third article

IPsec is a dual mode, end-to-end, security scheme operating at the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite or OSI model Layer 3. Some other Internet security systems in widespread use, such as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Shell (SSH), operate in the upper layers of these models. Hence, IPsec can be used for protecting any application traffic across the Internet. Applications need not be specifically designed to use IPsec. The use of TLS/SSL, on the other hand, must typically be incorporated into the design of applications.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipsec

from the fourth article

Tadayoshi Kohno wrote a paper entitled "Attacking and Repairing the WinZip Encryption Scheme"^{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard#cite_note-16#cite_note-16} showing possible attacks against thehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinZip AES implementation (the zip archive's metadata isn't encrypted).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard

from the fifth article

Diffie-Hellman key exchange (D-H) is a cryptographic protocol that allows two parties that have no prior knowledge of each other to jointly establish a shared secret key over an insecure communications channel. This key can then be used to encrypt subsequent communications using a symmetric key cipher.

Synonyms of Diffie-Hellman key exchange include:

* Diffie-Hellman key agreement

* Diffie-Hellman key establishment

* Diffie-Hellman key negotiation

* Exponential key exchange

* Diffie-Hellman protocol

The scheme was first published by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman in 1976, although it later emerged that it had been separately invented a few years earlier within GCHQ, the British signals intelligence agency, by Malcolm J. Williamson but was kept classified. In 2002, Hellman suggested the algorithm be called Diffie-Hellman-Merkle key exchange in recognition of Ralph Merkle's contribution to the invention of public-key cryptography (Hellman, 2002).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffie-Hellman_key_exchange

from the sixth article

In contrast, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric-key_algorithm, variations of which have been used for some thousands of years, use a single secret href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key %28cryptography%29" title="Key (cryptography)">key shared by sender and receiver (which must also be kept private, thus accounting for the ambiguity of the common terminology) for both encryption and decryption. To use a symmetric encryption scheme, the sender and receiver must securely share a key in advance.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography

from the seventh article

A wide variety of cryptographic authentication schemes and protocols have been developed to provide authenticated key agreement to prevent man-in-the-middle and related attacks. These methods generally mathematically bind the agreed key to other agreed-upon data, such as the following:

* Public/private key pairs

* Shared secret keys

* Passwords

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key-agreement_protocol

from the eighth article

If multiple devices are able to master the bus, there needs to be an arbitration scheme to prevent multiple devices attempting to drive the bus simultaneously. A number of different schemes are used for this; for example http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI has a fixed priority for each SCSI ID. PCI does not specify the algorithm to use, leaving it up to the implementation to set priorities.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_mastering

from the nineth article

PCIe 2.0 delivers 5 GT/s but employed an http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8b/10b_encoding scheme which took 20 percent overhead on the overall raw bit rate. By removing the requirement for the 8b/10b encoding scheme, and replacing it with a http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=128b/130b_encoding&action=edit&redlink=1 scheme with only ~1.5 percent overhead,^{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express#cite_note-16} PCIe 3.0's 8 GT/s bit rate effectively delivers double PCIe 2.0 bandwidth. According to an official press release by PCI-SIG on 8 August 2007:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express#cite_note-17

I've found: "any system of correlated things, parts, etc." at http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/scheme

Reasoning

I've found: "any system of correlated things, parts, etc." at

The fourth and fifth articles refer to the fact that scheme can be described with a document:

"The scheme was first published by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman in 1976", "Tadayoshi Kohno wrote a paper entitled "Attacking and Repairing the WinZip Encryption Scheme" showing possible attacks against the AES implementation (the zip archive's metadata isn't encrypted)."

From this sentence I can deduce, that the term scheme has nothing in common with the real implementation:

"Attacking and Repairing the WinZip Encryption Scheme" showing possible attacks against the AES implementation (the zip archive's metadata isn't encrypted)." (fourth article)

To suggest correct answer I will need to provide another article

Here it is:

A PCIe card will fit into a slot of its physical size or bigger, but may not fit into a smaller PCIe slot. Some slots use open-ended sockets to permit physically longer cards and will negotiate the best available electrical connection. The number of lanes actually connected to a slot may also be less than the number supported by the physical slot size. An example is a x8 slot that actually only runs at ×1; these slots will allow any ×1, ×2, ×4 or ×8 card to be used, though only running at the ×1 speed. This type of socket is described as a ×8 (×1 mode) slot, meaning it physically accepts up to ×8 cards but only runs at ×1 speed. The advantage gained is that a larger range of PCIe cards can still be used without requiring the motherboard hardware to support the full transfer rate-in so doing keeping design and implementation costs down.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express

So I think, that scheme is design, because design can be described via different documents and is not an implementation.

Is it true?

Thank you.

Sheme

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