Sentence structure

"Using" doesn't have a subject. It's a verbal phrase that functions as an adverbial of manner, modifying "passing." In other words, it tells us how the parameter passing is done.

If so, what is the difference between "Here's an example of passing a structure by reference using the SymbolInfoTick() function" and "Here's an example of passing a structure by reference, using the SymbolInfoTick() function"?

Nothing.

If you rephrase your sentence to change what's modified, then you'll get a difference:

"The example using the SymbolInfoTick() function is difficult to understand." Now the verbal phrase is adjectival, modifying "example," telling us what kind of example it is. Without a comma between "example" and "using," the phrase is restrictive, i.e., it defines which example you'

lucas21cCould you tell me what is the subject of the underlined 'using' in the following sentence?Thank you.Here's an example of passing a structure by reference using the SymbolInfoTick() function.

Indirectly, "example".

Here's an example (of ...) [that uses / using] the SymbolInfoTick() function.

CJ