1. Unless you study hard, you will fail in the examination.
2. If you study hard, you will not fail in the examination.
Do they have the same meaning?
Yes, they have the same meaning.
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I would write "If you do not study hard, you will fail in the examination".
Anonymous1. Unless you study hard, you will failinthe examination.
The equivalent is: If you don't study hard, you will fail the examination.
It implies, but does not guarantee, that if you study hard, you will pass the examination.
The second sentence does have that guarantee. It is a subtle difference.