It could—or it may mean a test to find out what the test-taker is lacking for his level. As usual, you have provided no context.
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rpshstudents in the CUNY system were failing at least one remedial test in reading, writing or maths (meaning that they had not learnt it to high-school standard).This tells us that these university students were failing an exam which tests their high-school level skills: the remedial test checks abilities that they should already have but do not. It is not
rpshMake-up examThat is a second test given to students who missed the first test (they were sick, etc.) It could also be given (more rarely) as a second chance for a student who failed the first test (presumably with some reasonable excuse).