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Hi I am Alicelee.Could you help me explain my confusion with some reference?With the advent of projection[S1] , the viewer's relationship with the image was no longer private, as it had been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope, [S2] which was a similar machine that reproduced motion by means of successive images on individual photographic cards instead of on strips [S3] of [S4] celluloid In this sentence,  what does ther first "it" refers to and what does the first "which" refers to, the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope or just "the Mutoscope"?Thanks very much!

Dave Phillips · Accepted Answer

It refers to the viewer's private relationship with the image.

Which refers to the kinetoscope and the mutoscope.

Alicelee · Answer

Hi Phillips,

I agree with you that the first "it" refers to "viewer's private realtionship with image"

But for the second one, if "which" refers to the kinetoscipe and the mutoscope, why it says "which was a similar machine ", but not ""iwhich were similar machines?"

Dave Phillips · Answer

My name is Dave.

They are classing the machines as one type of machine therefore counting it as a unit.

Alicelee · Answer

Hi Dave, sorry that I do not post the whole sentence here.

The viewer's relationship with the image was no longer private, as it had been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope, which was a similar machine that reproduced motion by means of successive images on individual photographic cards instead of on strips of celluloid.

if which refers to both K and M, then how could I understand "instead of" mean in this last part of the sentence? I think there are a word instead, so it means there is a comprasion..

Thanks

Dave Phillips · Answer

Yes K and M were on cards instead of the newer version which uses celluloid.  That is the comparison and as K and M work the same way the writer classed them as one machine.

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