Reduction of relative clauses

Question

"The girl who walks/is walking/walked/was walking/has walked/has been walking/had walked/had been walking"

For all the tenses above, is the reduction "The girl walking" correct?

For the past simple tense (if the time in the main sentence is different from the time in the clause), the present and past perfect tenses, can we also say "The girl having walked" as a reduction?

"The car which is washed/is being washed/was washed/was being washed/has been washed/has been being washed/had been washed/had been being washed"

For all the tenses above, is the reduction "The car washed" correct?

For the present and past continuous tenses, can we also say "The car being washed" as a reduction?

For the present and past perfect tenses, can we also say "The car having been washed" as a reduction?

For the present and past perfect continuous tenses, can we also say "The car having been being washed" as a reduction?

AlpheccaStars · Accepted Answer

AnonymousFor all the tenses above, is the reduction "The girl walking" correct?

Yes, but the reduced clause is rarely seen without an adverb.
Dead Man Walking (Name of several films and a book)
Walking Man I (Name of a $100+ million dollar sculpture by Alberto Giacometti )
The girl walking down the aisle is the bride.
The girl walking down the aisle was the bride.

Time-wise, it is always assumed to be simultaneous with the main context.

Anonymouscan we also say "The girl having walked" as a reduction?

Yes. The action happens before that of the main context.
Having walked 30 kilometers with their gear and heavy packs, the men stopped for a much-needed rest.

Anonymousis the reduction "The car washed" correct?

Yes. It is the passive voice construction.
The participle is often seen in the adjectival pre-position rather than a clausal post-position. But that depends a lot on the verb, and its modifiers.

The newly washed cars gleamed in the showroom, waiting for the buyers.
The cars, washed early that morning, gleamed in the showroom, waiting for the buyers. (non-defining)
The cars washed early that morning gleamed in the showroom, waiting for the buyers. (defining)

Anonymous"The car being washed" as a reduction?

Yes. It is the passive voice construction.

The cars being washed are nearly ready for the sale.

Anonymous"The car having been washed" as a reduction?

Yes. It is the passive voice construction.
The cars, having been washed early that morning, gleamed in the showroom, waiting for the buyers.

Anonymouscan we also say "The car having been being washed" as a reduction?

You might see this form once or twice in your lifetime. I cannot think of an example.

Anonymous · Answer

I understand better now. Thank you for your reply in details.

Reduction of relative clauses

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