"the", capitalization & possessive usage

Please can you help? A student has questions about the adjective/article “the” and the adjective “all”, capitalization and possessive usage:

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Which of the following is correct and why?

All the girls are …
All of the girls are …

The beautiful girls are …
Beautiful girls are …

Why is the adjective “all” put before the article “the” but all other adjectives are put after the article “the”?

What is the difference between:

The beautiful girls are …
Beautiful girls are …

Which of the following is correct and why?

New York Harbor is …
New York harbor is …

New York’s Harbor is …
New York’s harbor is …

The New York Harbor is …
The New York harbor is …

The New York’s Harbor is …
The New York’s harbor is …

San Francisco Bay is …
San Francisco bay is …

San Francisco’s Bay is …
San Francisco’s bay is …

The San Francisco Bay is …
The San Francisco bay is …

The San Francisco’s Bay is …
The San Francisco’s bay is …

Thanks!

Marco

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Marco Polo
The Photographing-Poet-Errant
Grechesky Prospect, 5, Apt. 3
Door Code: 267
191036 St. Petersburg, Russia
Metro: Ploshchad Vosstaniya
Tel: (7-812) 277-5448
e-mail: Email Removed
Poetry & Photo Homepage: www.marcopolopoet.com
English Teacher Homepage: www.geocities.com/eispb

fin.