"so vs in that" and "so vs as"

Question

Hello,I am confused about " So vs In that" and " So vs As". I don't understand this difference. I will write some questiones about TOEFL: 1. Among human chromosomes, the Y chromosome is unusual ____ most of the chromosome does not participate in meiotic recombiantion. a. in b. so c. and d. in that The response is d. Why? I thought the response was b. 2. ____ sucked groundwater from below, some parts of the city have begun to sink as much as ten inches annually. a. Pumps have b. As pumps have c. So pumps have d. With pumps The response is b. Why? I thought the response was c. I hope your opinions about it.Thanks

Clive · Accepted Answer

Hi Polite,

Welcome to the Forum.

1. Among human chromosomes, the Y chromosome is unusual ____ most of the chromosome does not participate in meiotic recombiantion.
a. in
b. so
c. and
d. in that

The response is d. Why? I thought the response was b. B is wrong, because 'so' suggests a result or conssequence, and that is not the case here. D is a phrase that introduces a more detailed explanation, which is what we have here.

2. ____ sucked groundwater from below, some parts of the city have begun to sink as much as ten inches annually.
a. Pumps have
b. As pumps have
c. So pumps have
d. With pumps

The response is b. Why? I thought the response was c. B is correct, because the 'as' phrase introduces a reason. As it was raining, he got wet. In C, 'so' introduces a consequence, which is not the case here. It was raining, so he got wet.

Best wishes, Clive

Thethenothere123 · Answer

In those two sentences, "as" and "in that" are essentially synonymous with "because."

Polite · Answer

Hi Clive,

Thank you very much by your exact explanation. Now I understand this difference

Many greetings from Colombia.

Polite · Answer

Hi Thethenothere123,

Thanks for your advice. Do you know some examples about "As vs In that" which they are synonymous with "because"? I would know this difference.

Thethenothere123 · Answer

Well, they're not perfectly synonymous with "because," but all of them are used to give a reason or explanation. Clive explained the difference well.

Statements where "as" and "in that" give a reason will look very similar to the sentences that you posted. I'm fairly certain they can all be inverted too.

Ex.

1. Of all humans, people from Antarctica are the strangest in that they hold forks with their toes.

2. As people from Antarctica hold forks with their toes, they are the strangest of all humans.

3. Army ants are the most interesting insect in that they have walked on the moon.

4. As army ants have walked on the moon, they are the most interesting insect.

Note: Neither of these statements is true (to my knowledge)!

Anonymous · Answer

PoliteHello,
I am confused about " So vs In that" and " So vs As". I don't understand this difference.
I will write some questiones about TOEFL:
1. Among human chromosomes, the Y chromosome is unusual ____ most of the chromosome does not participate in meiotic recombiantion.
a. in
b. so
c. and
d. in that
The response is d. Why? I thought the response was b.
2. ____ sucked groundwater from below, some parts of the city have begun to sink as much as ten inches annually.
a. Pumps have
b. As pumps have
c. So pumps have
d. With pumps
The response is b. Why? I thought the response was c.
I hope your opinions about it.
Thanks

"so vs in that" and "so vs as"

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