questions: causatives, when, to be, syntax and punctuation, tense questions

Hi!

I decided to post my questions in one post...sorry if it is too long.


Q1:

Today in English class my teacher said that using "causatives" is done by these words: "get" ,"had", "Will(have/get)"

She said for example:

1. "I had the painter paint my room's walls."
2. "I will have the teacher give me the Physics test again"
3. "I had my windows replaced"

but said it is not correct to say:"I had my room's walls painted by the painter."
Well her foolish excuse was: "Americans don't like to talk a lot and they omit "by the...""
I don't understand that, do you agree?
I don't like the way she teaches us at class so most generally I try to learn by my own...ask questions here and books.
I'd like a brief explanation about the "Causatives" and the use of get/have/had/will

Q2

What are the syntactic terms of the word "When"?
"It does not work when run"
I think this is correct. But it does not sound "good" to me. Can you explain why?
Is this an abbreviation for "When it is run" or "when it is being run"?

When do you use Pres Prog after "when"?
for example: "...when doing..."
"...when I am..."


Q3
"The word is to be changed"
"It is not to be confused with..."

What is "is to be"?
Am I right that "is to be" can be changed with "should(not) be"

Note: I am not confused with "has to be"...

Q4
first, what is actually the difference between Syntax and Grammar? someone here told me it is the same...? Is it different in English?

I start writing paragraphs and essays, so I need to learn more about the structures and punctuation of sentences, where can I start?

Q5
What parts each of the tenses (past, present, future) consist of?
(I feel there is something wrong here^)