Question about the tenses

Question

good morningplease why did we use present perfect with this sentenceDon't leave this evening until the manager has given you the orders for tomorrow.

GPY · Accepted Answer

The present perfect is from the perspective of the time of leaving. At the time of leaving you could say "The manager has given you the orders".

CalifJim · Answer

aqua bookwhy did we use present perfect with this sentence
Don't leave this evening until the manager has given you the orders for tomorrow.

After a subordinator of time (e.g., until), the present and the present perfect are often in free variation.

Don't leave until he [gives / has given] you the orders.
We'll let you know the moment we [finish / have finished] the work.
When the scientists [find / have found] the cure, they will publish the results and celebrate.

The use of the present gives a greater sense of immediacy, as if looking forward from the present to an action yet to be performed. The use of the present perfect does not have such a great sense of immediacy, as if looking backward from the future to an action already performed.

CJ

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