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Happyending Posted 13 years ago
Grammar

Question 1 - And

Hi teachers,

I am new here and want to improve my English as much possible as I can.
my first question is about the conjunction 'And'.

This morning I was looking at the meanings/usages of 'and' as a conjunction, and I found more than 10 meanings/usages of the word in almost every online English dictionary.

Some of the meanings were more or less the same. some were so confusing (to me) that I couldn't understand.

Here are those ones:

And
(1) used to connect two identical words to indicate that things of the same name or class have different qualities:
all human conduct is determined or caused—but there are causes and causes

(2) archaic used to connect two numbers, implying succession:
a line of men marching two and two

(3) used to introduce a statement about a new topic:
and now to the dessert

(4) informal used after some verbs and before another verb to indicate intention, instead of ‘to’:
I would try and do what he said

Dear teachers, could you please help me by telling me the above meanings/ usages of 'And' in a more clear way?

Thank you
happyending.
  

Top answer

Common words such as 'the' and 'and' are among the most difficult for lexicographers to define precisely, despite the fact that they are the words that cause least difficulty to native speakers. In practice, 'and' causes few problems to learners so, if I were you, I wouldn't bother too much about the more abstruse definitions such as these: 1) used to connect two identical words to indicate that things of the same name or class have different qualities: all human conduct is determined or caused—but there are causes and causes The definition is clear enough. Learners are unlikely ever to use this; they will probably say something like "all human conduct is determined or caused—but there different types of causes", and that's fine (2) archaic used to connect two numbers, implying succession: a line of men marching two and two Archaic - forget it.

  • Common words such as 'the' and 'and' are among the most difficult for lexicographers to define precisely, despite the fact that they are the words that cause least difficulty to native speakers.
  • In practice, 'and' causes few problems to learners so, if I were you, I wouldn't bother too much about the more abstruse definitions such as these: 1) used to connect two identical words to indicate that things of the same name or class have different qualities: all human conduct is determined or caused—but there are causes and causes The definition is clear enough.
  • Learners are unlikely ever to use this; they will probably say something like "all human conduct is determined or caused—but there different types of causes", and that's fine (2) archaic used to connect two numbers, implying succession: a line of men marching two and two Archaic - forget it.
  • (3) used to introduce a statement about a new topic: and now to the dessert I don't think this is a problem.
  • Omitting the 'and' is fine.
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2 Answers
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Common words such as 'the' and 'and' are among the most difficult for lexicographers to define precisely, despite the fact that they are the words that cause least difficulty to native speakers.

In practice, 'and' causes few problems to learners so, if I were you, I wouldn't bother too much about the more abstruse definitions such as these:

1) used to connect two identical words
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Thank you so much, sir, for your kind reply!

The dictionary also provided the synonyms for "And". The synonyms provided by the dictionary were:

1). Also, along with, including, together with, in addition to, as well as.

Example - When he returned, she and her boyfriend had already gone.

My question here is, please: Can I reword the above sentence as follows?

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