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Geoyo Posted 13 years ago
Speech & Pronunciation

Pronunciation of -ed

Why is "rugged" pronounced "ruhg-id", but "baked" is pronounced like "bakd", without the 'i'? This is very confusing, Is there a rule I can follow?
  

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12 Answers
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Cool... thank you, that's very helpful
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I just listened to the pronunciation of "bugged", but it's pronounced "bugd" instead of "bug-id". How is that possible? According to the video, "bugged" is, just like "rugged", case 3 because "to bug" ends in a "g", and it should therefore be pronounced as "bug-id".

rugged <--> bugged - where difference?
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"Rugged" is an adjective, not a past participle (standard past tense verb). That pronunciation rule only works for past participles.

For verbs ending in "g", pronounce like "bugd".
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But what about this? I found it on wiktionary:

rug (third-person singular simple present rugs, present participle rugging, simple past and past participle
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This is the first time in my life I've ever seen it suggested that "to rug" is a verb. You'll need someone from Scotland to give you the pronunciation, I think.
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Oh I see, it's from Scotland. Then let's forget it, if it's local and not very common. But what about my other question, is there a pronunciation rule for -ed with adjectives? Or do you have to memorize each pronunciation, such as for adjectives like bugged or rugged?
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geoyo Why is "rugged" pronounced "ruhg-id", but "baked" is pronounced like "bakd", without the 'i'? This is very confusing, Is there a rule I can follow?
See

Exceptions at

CJ
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But it's not a verb, "rugged". If it was a verb, according to the rules, it would have to be pronounced "ruhg-t", because its base form "to rug" does not end in a "t" or "d". But the rule doesn't apply. I assume this is because it's an adjective and these rules are not true for adjectives. Is that correct? So what about adjectives?

Why is the -ed ending in "rugged" (adjective) pronounced
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geoyoBut it's not a verb, "rugged".
True.
geoyoIf it was a verb, according to the rules, it would have to be pronounced "ruhg-t"
No. "ruhg-d".
geoyoBut the rule doesn't apply.
Whether it's a verb or not, it is an exception, and it is listed in the post I linked you to as an excepti
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