Present Perfect or Past Simple

Hello, I have a little problem with the use of the Present Perfect and the Past Simple. For example: a teacher asked me a question and I didn’t know the answer. Should I say to him: “I’m sorry, I haven’t caught it” or maybe “I’m sorry, I didn’t catch it”? Another example is: I was to read a book and during a class a teacher should ask: “Have you read the book?” or “Did you read the book?”. If you could, give me another examples, please. Thanks a lot for your help! Have a nice day. Bye.