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77. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries.

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The speaker claims that important discoveries in any field of inquiry can be more probably made by beginners than experts. The claim mentioned above seems sound and safe at the first glance, but it needs further discussion to be validated. Admittedly a beginner owns more curiosity about new things in that field. Experts, however, own larger amount of knowledge and experience which are essential for exploring new things. Therefore I do not agree with the statement that the speaker claims. And in the following paragraphs I will express my personal opinions on several respects.

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First of all, we should make clear the difference between the expert and the beginner. There is no denying that before becoming an expert, one has to pass through the phase of a beginner. In the beginning, beginners of their fields could not make head or tail of what they are investigating and would encounter many frustrations they are not able to solve. Experts, on the contrary, comparatively know how to do and what to do, and when facing trouble, they will overcome it step by step reasonably.

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Moreover, beginners must continuously cumulate their knowledge and experience before they can ask some meaningful questions about what they are researching into. Beginners are usually inexperienced in researching, that is to say, not able to find out the way to destination. For example, novices in the field of chemistry do not know when someone is exposed to the atmosphere of poisonous fluoride, what they should do to save the life. Experts, however, will pour calcium gluconate to neutralize the malign compound. Therefore experience is essential to inquiring and also helps finding out innovation.

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However, it should be admitted that beginners are more curious about the surroundings and full of creativity in digging out something interesting. New comers in a field of inquiry are not like experts, who tend to be more conservative in the methodology and ideas, and are more eager to pursue new findings, or innovation, to establish their reputation in their own fields. However, despite beginners’ innovative ideas and unique creativity, they need someone experienced to help them carry out these thoughts. For example, a novice chemist found some element which works more efficiently in the catalysis but he did not know how to analyze this finding, at that time he/she should turn to the help of someone experienced to help him/her accomplish this proposal.

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To sum up, though beginners are more eager to find new things and come up with new ideas more probably, it usually still needs experts to help carry out those ideas and proposals. Instead, experts can independently solve problems when they encounter something interesting. Therefore in any field of inquiry, experts are more likely than the beginners to make important discoveries.