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Anonymous Posted 10 years ago
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https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/orapapa.htm

above mentioned is the source from where I extract article.
and below is the summary.

ORAPAPA (A Checklist for Making Better Decisions)
There are many factors to consider when you make a decision, and it's easy to miss something important. In this article, we'll look at a simple checklist that helps you avoid this.
ORAPAPA is an acronym that highlights seven key things you should consider as part of making a significant decision. When you use it in a group decision-making situation, you can encourage people to talk about things that they may not otherwise discuss. This helps you improve the quality of the decision.
It stands for:
• Opportunities.
• Risks.
• Alternatives and improvements.
• Past experience.
• Analysis.
• People.
• Alignment and ethics.
Using ORAPAPA
To use the tool, work through the checklist and think about your decision in relation to each element mentioned below.
Opportunities - Your first step is to look at the positives of the decision. What are the favorable consequences?
This is a fun step because you explore all of the decision's positive consequences, without worrying about the risks.
Risks - Next, look at the negatives. What are the weaknesses and drawbacks of your decision? What are the unfavorable consequences? What could go wrong?
Use tools such as Risk Analysis and the Risk Impact/Probability Chart to identify possible problems and how likely they are to happen.
Alternatives and Improvements - Now it's time to consider alternative options and ways that you could improve the original idea. What other choices are available?
Use normal, structured thinking as well as creativity techniques like brainstorming and DO IT to generate new ideas. Remember that doing nothing is one possible alternative.
Past Experience - Next, identify whether anyone, inside or outside the organization, has done anything like this before. If so, did it work or did it fail, and what can you learn from this? And is there anyone whose expertise and experience you should draw on, before you make a final decision?
Analysis - Now, review the data that you're using to make the decision. What information supports your decision, and what argues against it? Have you gathered all the information that you need? How might they affect the quality of your decision?
Think carefully about any assumptions that you or your team have made about the information.
People - For this element, consider other people's points of view. It's important to consider how everyone involved in making the decision feels about it in general. What does your intuition tell you?
Use Rolestorming and the Perceptual Positions technique to think about the decision from other people's perspectives. Better still, ask them what they think.
Alignment and Ethics - You also need to think about how well the decision fits with your organization's overall strategy and capabilities, and with its culture. Does it align with your company's values and mission statement? Also, is it ethical?
You may also want to think about whether the decision fits with your personal values and those of your people.
Using ORAPAPA won’t guarantee that you’ll make the right decision every time. But it will mean that you’ll have all the information you need to increase your chances of success.
  

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