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LAND USE/LAND COVER DYNAMICS, AND THEIR ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN AB LAKES BASIN Monitoring land use/land cover changes (LULCC) and exploring their mechanisms remain an important component in the management of ecological environment and water quality of a lake basin. Very few studies have been conducted so far to examine the LULCC of AB Lakes Basin (ACB), primarily at river catchment level. None of these past research works have sought to capture the information at the basin level. In this study, a combination of remote sensing data, field observations and information from local people were used to examine the LULCC of ACB from 1985 to 2010, identify the driving forces behind the changes, and implicate their effects on the natural landscape and ecology of the basin. A pixel-based supervised image classification using the maximum likelihood algorithm was applied to classify 15 pre-processed Landsat images acquired in 1985, 1995, and 2010. Nine LULC classes were identified based on CORINE land cover nomenclature with some modifications to fit the study area. Post-classification change detection technique was used to identify the change trajectories over the observation years, while the spatial analyst software, FRAGSTATS, was used to quantify the ecological metrics at the landscape and class levels. Interviews and group discussions were made at the district level to determine the main driving forces of LULCC and to establish ecological consequences of LULCC in the landscape of the basin. The result of LULCC analysis indicated a reduction of shrublands (28.82%), heterogeneous agricultural area (14.17%) and bare land (33.13%) between 1985 and 2010. Built up area cover increased more than three folds, while arable land and inland wetlands increased by 59.15 % and 25.52 % over the same period, respectively. Inland waters, forests and coffee agroforestry showed no change in the landscape. A detailed GIS analysis reviled the reduction of area coverage of Lake Chiho (9.3 %), whereas Lake Abi and other small lake of the basin, Lake Boha, increased by 1.7 % and 350.9 % between 1985 and 2010, respectively. The expansion of arable land was observed at the expense of shrublands and bare land, particularly in the lowland area of the basin. Rapid population growth and frequent change in government policies were identified as the two key driving forces LULCC of the basin. Infrastructural expansion in the form of roads, rural electrification, health services and modern irrigation facilities were some of the driving forces additionally mentioned as responsible factors to the changes. The disappearance of natural forest, recurrent drought, soil erosion, diminishing of grazing lands, and reduction of the number and kind of wild animals were among the perceived prominent consequence of LULCC in the study area. The result of fragmentation analysis revealed the formation of more fragmented landscape in the basin in 2010 than 1985. Class level analysis showed that patches of shrublands and bare land became more fragmented, while patches of arable land tended to have a uniform landscape configuration dominated by fewer, but larger patches in 2010. The current study implies the occurrence of landscape fragmentation and changes in the basin. The driving forces and related changes in LULC in ACB may lead to more land degradation and damage to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems of the basin if no assisted restoration is made in the future.
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