The two diagrams depict the stages involved in and what is used in the process of making cement, and the proportion of each component used to produce concrete for construction.
Overall, there are five stages in the cement-making process: crushing, mixing, heating, grinding, and bagging. And to produce concrete, a combination of cement, water, sand, and gravel (small stones) is used.
In detail, cement is made from limestone and clay. First, they are crushed into powder which then goes through a mixer. Next, the powder moves to the rotating heater through a pipe. Under the heater is a grinder so that once the heating process culminates, its product will be ground into cement. Finally, cement is packed in bags, ready to be delivered to stores.
As regards concrete production, cement, aggregate such as sand and gravel, and water is needed, with small stones occupying the largest proportion. In particular, 15% cement, 10% water, 25% sand, and the rest being gravel are put into the revolving drum simultaneously; after several rotations, concrete is formed.
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