It means to 'pay extra', yes - but I don't believe it means to pay a 'fee' specifically: Consumers are willing to pay an extra 38% for GE food. I'm a bit unsure about what they mean in the 3rd example though of ' require a premium'. The word require seems out of place with the rest of the text's logic...
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NL888Am I on the right track? If so, what does "require a premium" mean? No one would require to pay a shopkeeper more for his goods.Yes, you're on the right track. There does seem to be something wrong with that last sentence, though.