Past Participle and Perfect Participle

Question

I found the below two sentences in Wren & Martin Grammar book. But, I couldn't understand what are the differences between them & where or in which situations we need to apply them. Please enlighten me.

1. Deceived by his friends , he lost all hope. (Past Participle)

2. Having rested, we continued our journey. (Perfect Participle)

Thanks

Englishmaven · Accepted Answer

They are the same in terms of meaning.

Having been deceived by his friends, he lost all hope.

All the options are good.

CalifJim · Answer

There are more than two types of participle. There are four types of participle clause:

1. Active participle (Present participle)
Taking ...,
Knowing a little Russian, I had no difficulty making myself understood.
2. Passive participle (Past participle)
Taken ...,
Shocked by the explosion, the people ran for shelter.
3. Perfect active participle
Having taken ...,
I had no time to read my book, having spent so long doing my homework.
4. Perfect passive participle
Having been taken ...,
Having been nominated three times for an Oscar, he is one of today's most acclaimed film directors.

The situation described in a present or past participle clause (1, 2) is understood to be taking place at the same time as the situation presented in the main clause.

The situation described in a perfect participle clause (3, 4) is understood to have taken place before the situation presented in the main clause.

sohel sorwarwhere or in which situations we need to apply them

That is a very big topic which cannot be explained in a forum post.

First you must become comfortable reading and understanding such structures. This cannot be done in a day or even a month. You need to read a lot.

Then you can try to invent them yourself. We can check your sentences here on the forum if you'd like when you're ready to try them.

CJ

Past Participle and Perfect Participle

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