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Imantaghavi Posted 14 years ago
Grammar
Participle Clauses
Hi,
Participle clauses can be used to replace words like: because, so, that, and after.
Here are some examples:
1- We all took umbrella because we had noticed that it was raining. >> We all took umbrella, having noticed that it was raining.
2- She had been told that she could fail her final exams, so she started studying all hours of the day and night. >> Told that she could fail her final exams,she started studying all hours of the day and night.
3- Once she had finished the report, she decided it was time to go home. >> Having finished the report, she decided it was time to go home.
Is there any rule or formula in each case to follow according to the tense of the verbs? Or they should all be in the same form?
Regards,
Iman
Participle clauses can be used to replace words like: because, so, that, and after.
Here are some examples:
1- We all took umbrella because we had noticed that it was raining. >> We all took umbrella, having noticed that it was raining.
2- She had been told that she could fail her final exams, so she started studying all hours of the day and night. >> Told that she could fail her final exams,she started studying all hours of the day and night.
3- Once she had finished the report, she decided it was time to go home. >> Having finished the report, she decided it was time to go home.
Is there any rule or formula in each case to follow according to the tense of the verbs? Or they should all be in the same form?
Regards,
Iman
Top answer
Hi Iman, There is not a concrete rule to follow, but according to the meaning and structure you have to make a choice. As for your examples, one of the common participle clauses is "Perfect Gerund". Perfect Gerund which is in form of Having+ PP means after doing.
- Hi Iman, There is not a concrete rule to follow, but according to the meaning and structure you have to make a choice.
- As for your examples, one of the common participle clauses is "Perfect Gerund".
- Perfect Gerund which is in form of Having+ PP means after doing.
- In other words, having eaten means after eating or having finished means after finishing.
- So that is the case for your sentences in part one and three.
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5 Answers
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Hi Iman,
There is not a concrete rule to follow, but according to the meaning and structure you have to make a choice.
As for your examples, one of the common participle clauses is "Perfect Gerund".
Perfect Gerund which is in form of Having+ PP means after doing.
In other words, having eaten means after eating or having finished means after finishing.
So that is the case for yo
There is not a concrete rule to follow, but according to the meaning and structure you have to make a choice.
As for your examples, one of the common participle clauses is "Perfect Gerund".
Perfect Gerund which is in form of Having+ PP means after doing.
In other words, having eaten means after eating or having finished means after finishing.
So that is the case for yo
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Every one of these contains a past perfect (blue) that is transformed into a perfect participle (green). Note that both constructions indicate anteriority in time. For example, "had noticed" occurred before "took an umbrella"; "having noticed" occurred before "took an umbrella". These all contain a cause and an effect (or t
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Thank you Hamid and CJ for your reply. That was so helpful.
So in passive ones, is that always the case that the perfect auxiliaries are implied or that's just optional?
And another question, is the order of the clauses in these constructions different? (I mean is that make any difference if we use them in different order?)
Regards,
Iman
So in passive ones, is that always the case that the perfect auxiliaries are implied or that's just optional?
And another question, is the order of the clauses in these constructions different? (I mean is that make any difference if we use them in different order?)
Regards,
Iman
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imantaghaviSo in passive ones, is that always the case that the perfect auxiliaries are implied or that's just optional?I doubt that it is always like that.
imantaghavimake any difference if we use them in different order?Yes and no. Sometimes you can get strange, unintended meanings if you put a participle clause in the w
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Thank you CJ very much. That's really big of you to answer my questions promptly.
Iman
Iman
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