For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing an average of 2,275 gallons of milk each per year.
(A) providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing
(B) providing them with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces
(C) provided with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing
(D) provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces
(E) provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, Holstein cows will produce
The official answer is E, but what makes A wrong? The use of the present continuous being wrong is understandable, but what makes the -ing froms (providing, milking) wrong?
Looking at it again, I'd say that (E) was in fact correct: For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, Holstein cows will produce an average of 2,275 gallons of milk each per year. There's nothing wrong with: For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows will produce an average of 2,275 gallons of milk each per year . The present progressive "are producing" would also be possible if the intended meaning was what they are producing today, rather than what they are capable of producing.
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Looking at it again, I'd say that (E) was in fact correct:
For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, Holstein cows will produce an average of 2,275 gallons of milk each per year.
There's nothing wrong with: