One nuance between the two is that I believe "over" has the added implication that the energy is released throughout the duration of time and lasts throughout that time; whereas, "for" implies that it may be released all at once, but lasts for a long duration. Since you use the words "gradually" and "sustained" I would think that "over" is a better choice for the point you are trying to make.
New words, one handy idiom, and a 2-minute quiz — delivered to your inbox to keep your streak alive.