One on possessive or attributive? And the other on verb concordance?

Hi.

1. Are you/we using the word "teacher's" as sort of an adjective? Are you/we using it attributively (?)? (Anyway, what does the word "attributively" mean?) I think this use doesn't show that the following is for all teachers. Then, would it be for a (one) teacher?

eg,

a set of teacher's notes

with full teacher's notes

2. Should we use a plural or singular verb? Should we rearrange the phrasal pattern to make it clear?

The economical and societal structure of this society is/are (needs/need?) ...